Too many people tend to believe that the horror of WW II stopped with V.E. and V.J. Days. After all, what else is there? The Allies won. The Axis lost. End of story...No. Far from it. In his absolutely brilliant overview of immediate events following the Allies' victory, Ian Buruma pointedly chronicles the tragic events that ensue. It is difficult to narrate to someone who has not yet read this book the feelings of ambivalence that this work stirs in its reader. It is UNarguable that the war crimes committed by the Axis are beyond reprehension. It is absolutely abominable that many of the perpetrators of these atrocities escaped their just punishment or got away with little more than the proverbial "slap on the wrist." These are not the issues Ian Buruma – the son of a Dutch slave laborer seized by the Nazis and brought to Germany after his country was overran by Werhmacht -- brings to the forefront of his narrative in "Year Zero: a history of 1945." Nor is there a question that the civilian populations of Axis countries must bear some responsibility for abhorrent atrocities of that period. They do. For nothing can possibly justify the absolute and catastrophic horror and misery their military and paramilitary entities (i.e. armies, SS, Gestapo, etc.) inflicted upon their victim populations: the tears, the pain, the heartache... death, destruction, sadness... starvation, disease, abandonment...But just how much of the punishment inflicted upon Axis civilian populations in retribution can be justified? Should a line be drawn between what is morally acceptable and what is not? The revenge killings?... The way the righteous French took out their post-occupation anger on some of their own women accused of (literally) sleeping with the enemy?... The mass rapes of East German women?... The fate of Japanese civilians abandoned by the retreating Imperial Army in China and Manchuria?... The fate of Russian émigrés, who escaped the Soviets in 1918-1920, but ended up in the hands of Western Allies in 1945?... The fate of Soviet (Red Army) POWs captured by the Wehrmacht in WW II and ended up in the hands of Western Allies in 1945?...The book is meticulously researched and cogently written. Thoroughly referenced and conscientiously indexed, this text (IMHO) should be a part of any self-respecting college history curriculum. After reading every word of its 337 pages, I have but one regret – Ian Buruma's book is too short. I wish there were more.